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Properties of substance:
thallium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
hexagonal metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Tl
Structural formula as text:
Tl
Molar/atomic mass: 204.37
Melting point (°C):
304
Boiling point (°C):
1475
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
gallium
: miscible (574°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 74.83 (18°C) [
Ref.
]
mercury
: 112.8 (70°C) [
Ref.
]
sulfuric acid
: reaction [
Ref.
]
water
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
Properties of solutions:
2% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Density (g/cm
3
) = 13.49 (25°)
4% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Density (g/cm
3
) = 13.443 (25°)
6% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Density (g/cm
3
) = 13.405 (25°)
11% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Density (g/cm
3
) = 13.305 (25°)
15% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Density (g/cm
3
) = 13.222 (25°)
25% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Density (g/cm
3
) = 13.021 (25°)
40% (wt.), solvent - mercury
Density (g/cm
3
) = 12.727 (25°)
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1861
Superconducting temperature (K): 2.38
Density:
11.85 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
11.289 (306°C, d
4
)
Electrode potential:
Tl
+
+ e
-
→ Tl, E = -0.336 V (water, 25°C)
Tl
3+
+ e
-
→ Tl
2+
, E = 0.3 V (water, 25°C)
Tl
3+
+ 2e
-
→ Tl
+
, E = 1.252 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
64.18 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
26.32 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
4.27
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
181 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
180.9 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
20.8 (g)
References:
Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 215 [Russian]
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Девяткин В.В., Ляхова Ю.М. Химия для любознательных, или о чем не узнаешь на уроке. - Ярославль: Академия Холдинг, 2000. - pp. 33 [Russian]
Коренман И.М. Аналитическая химия таллия. - М.: ИАН СССР, 1960. - pp. 5-7 [Russian]
Неорганические синтезы. - Сб. 1. - М.: ИИЛ, 1951. - pp. 10 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 101 [Russian]
Спиридонова В.С., Шабалина Л.П. Токсикология таллия и его соединений, вопросы гигиены труда при работе с ним. - М., 1977. - pp. 4-5, 8 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 617 [Russian]
Успехи химии. - 1997. - Т.66, №2. - pp. 112 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 4. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1995. - pp. 490-492 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru