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Properties of substance:
scandium
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
hexagonal metal
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
Sc
Structural formula as text:
Sc
Molar/atomic mass: 44.96
Melting point (°C):
1541
Boiling point (°C):
2850
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
water
: reaction [
Ref.
]
Numerical data:
Year of discovery: 1879
Ionization Potentials (Electronvolts): 6.54
Density:
3.02 (25°C, g/cm
3
)
Half-life:
36
21
Sc = 0.102 s ()
37
21
Sc = 0.181 s ()
40
21
Sc = 0.182 s (β
+
)
41
21
Sc = 0.596 s (β
+
)
42
21
Sc = 0.682 s (β
+
)
42m
21
Sc = 61.6 s (β
+
)
43
21
Sc = 3.89 h (β
+
)
44
21
Sc = 3.93 h (β
+
)
44m
21
Sc = 58.2 h (internal transition)
45
21
Sc = stable ( (isotopic abundance 100%))
46
21
Sc = 83.81 d (β
-
)
46m
21
Sc = 18.7 s (internal transition)
47
21
Sc = 3.349 d (β
-
)
48
21
Sc = 43.7 h (β
-
)
49
21
Sc = 57.3 min (β
-
)
50
21
Sc = 1.71 min (β
-
)
51
21
Sc = 12.4 s (β
-
)
52
21
Sc = 8.2 s (β
-
)
54
21
Sc = 0.27 s (β
-
)
54m
21
Sc = about 7 ms (internal transition)
55
21
Sc = 0.103 s (β
-
)
56
21
Sc = 35 ms (β
-
)
56m
21
Sc = 60 ms ()
57
21
Sc = 13 ms (β
-
)
58
21
Sc = 12 ms (β
-
)
Vapour pressure (Torr):
0.01 (1427°C)
0.1 (1597°C)
1 (1800°C)
10 (2160°C)
100 (2380°C)
Electrode potential:
Sc
3+
+ 3e
-
→ Sc, E = -2.03 V (water, 25°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
0 (s)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
34.8 (s)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
25.5 (s)
Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion Δ
fus
H (kJ/mol):
14.1
Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization Δ
vap
H (kJ/mol):
315
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H
0
(298.15 K, kJ/mol):
379 (g)
Standard molar entropy S
0
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
174.7 (g)
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):
22.1 (g)
References:
Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
Комиссарова Л.Н. Неорганическая и аналитическая химия скандия. - М.: Эдиториал УРСС, 2001. - pp. 8-42 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 99 [Russian]
Терехова В.Ф., Буров И.В. Физико-химические свойства и применение редкоземельных металлов. - М.: ГосИНТИ, 1962. - pp. 72-84 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 4. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1995. - pp. 359-360 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru
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