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Properties of substance:

butanoic acid

Synonyms:

n-butyric acid

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C4H8O2

Structural formula as text:

CH3CH2CH2COOH

Molar/atomic mass: 88.105

Melting point (°C):

-5.26

Boiling point (°C):

163.5

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

ammonia liquid : soluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: miscible (-4.1°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: miscible (-4.1°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : very soluble [Ref.]
water: miscible (-4.1°C) [Ref.]

Not numerical data:

volatile in steam

Density:

0.9577 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 80-87%. [Ref.1]
    CH3CH2CH2COOH + C6H5COCl → CH3CH2CH2COCl + C6H5COOH

Refractive index (nD):

1.398 (20°C)

Dissociation:

pKa (1) = 4.82 (25°C, water)

Retention indices for gas chromatography:

806,8 (phase - 100% dimethylsilicone)
808,3 (phase - dimethylsilicone with 5% phenyl groups)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

2.97 (20°C)

Dipole moment (D):

0.93 (20°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

1.814 (15°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

26.74 (20°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-533.8 (l)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

222.2 (l)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

178.6 (l)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-475.9 (g)

Critical temperature (°C):

355

Critical pressure (MPa):

5.27

References:

  1. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - 90ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 5-26
  2. Dictionary of organic compounds. - vol.1, Abietic acid - Dypnone. - London, 1946. - pp. 372
  3. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 250-258
  4. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.2. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 12 [Russian]
  5. Каррер П. Курс органической химии. - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1960. - pp. 251 [Russian]
  6. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 159 [Russian]
  7. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 399-400 [Russian]
  8. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 652 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru