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Properties of substance:

butanoic acid

Synonyms:

n-butyric acid

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C4H8O2

Structural formula as text:

CH3CH2CH2COOH

Molar/atomic mass: 88.105

Melting point (°C):

-5.26

Boiling point (°C):

163.5

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

ammonia liquid : soluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: miscible (-4.1°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: miscible (-4.1°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : very soluble [Ref.]
water: miscible (-4.1°C) [Ref.]

Density:

0.9577 (20°C, g/cm3)

Refractive index (nD):

1.398 (20°C)

    Dissociation:

    pKa (1) = 4.82 (25°C, water)

    Retention indices for gas chromatography:

    806,8 (phase - 100% dimethylsilicone)
    808,3 (phase - dimethylsilicone with 5% phenyl groups)

    Permittivity (dielectric constant):

    2.97 (20°C)

    Dipole moment (D):

    0.93 (20°C)

    Viscosity (mPa·s):

    1.814 (15°C)

    Surface tension (mN/m):

    26.74 (20°C)

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    -533.8 (l)

    Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    222.2 (l)

    Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    178.6 (l)

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    -475.9 (g)

    Critical temperature (°C):

    355

    Critical pressure (MPa):

    5.27

    References:

    1. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - 90ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 5-26
    2. Dictionary of organic compounds. - vol.1, Abietic acid - Dypnone. - London, 1946. - pp. 372
    3. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 250-258
    4. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.2. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 12 [Russian]
    5. Каррер П. Курс органической химии. - Л.: ГНТИХЛ, 1960. - pp. 251 [Russian]
    6. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 159 [Russian]
    7. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 399-400 [Russian]
    8. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 652 [Russian]
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      © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru