A
200-ml. three-necked flask, equipped with a
ball-and-socket sealed mechanical stirrer, a pressure-compensated
dropping funnel, and a
reflux condenser connected to a
mercury bubbler (Note
1), is charged with
0.8 g. (0.033 g. atom) of magnesium turnings,
7.5 g. (0.042 mole) of anthracene, and
35 ml. of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (Note
2). In the
dropping funnel there is placed a solution of
5.26 g. (0.03 mole) of o-fluorobromobenzene (Note
3) in
15 ml. of tetrahydrofuran. The system is flushed with dry
nitrogen for 30 minutes to remove air. The gas flow is then stopped in order to prevent extensive loss of
tetrahydrofuran. The mixture is heated to and maintained at 60° (bath temperature), and one-quarter of the
o-fluorobromobenzene solution is added with stirring. The appearance of a yellow color which evidences the start of reaction may not be observed immediately, and another quarter of the solution is then added dropwise over a period of about 45 minutes. When the reaction commences, the remaining solution is added dropwise over a period of 1 hour, after which the mixture is refluxed gently for 90 minutes. The almost homogeneous dark-brown mixture is poured into
100 ml. of methanol, which precipitates much of the unreacted
anthracene. Without filtering, the solvents are removed under reduced pressure and the yellow residue is treated with two
50-ml. portions of 5% hydrochloric acid, filtered, and vacuum-dried. The dry, yellow residue (10 g.) is dissolved in
45 ml. of hot xylene, then
5.0 g. (0.051 mole) of maleic anhydride is added. The mixture is refluxed for 20 minutes and set aside at room temperature for 2 hours. The
maleic anhydride-anthracene adduct (about 9 g.) is removed by filtration, and the brown filtrate is refluxed for 2 hours with
80 ml. of 2N sodium hydroxide solution. When cool, the organic layer is separated, washed three times with 50-ml. portions of water (Note
4), and dried over
calcium chloride. The solvent is removed at reduced pressure. The brown residue is dissolved in
70 ml. of carbon tetrachloride and chromatographed on
280 g. of acid-washed alumina, using 1 l. of the same solvent to elute. After evaporation of the solvent, there remains 2.4–2.9 g. of a yellow residue which is digested with two
10-ml. portions of pentane (Note
5). The residual crude
triptycene is an almost white crystalline solid of melting point
240–248°. The yield is
2.14 g. (
28%) (Note
6). Recrystallization of this material from
cyclohexane gives pure white crystals of melting point
255–256°.